Alerts:
Space Weather Message Code: WARK04
Serial Number: 5173
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 04 1321 UTC
EXTENDED WARNING: Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5172
Valid From: 2025 Dec 03 1022 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Dec 05 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.
Space Weather Message Code: WARK05
Serial Number: 2147
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 04 1158 UTC
EXTENDED WARNING: Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 2146
Valid From: 2025 Dec 03 1425 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Dec 05 0000 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.
Space Weather Message Code: ALTTP4
Serial Number: 697
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 04 0900 UTC
ALERT: Type IV Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2025 Dec 04 0832 UTC
Description: Type IV emissions occur in association with major eruptions on the sun and are typically associated with strong coronal mass ejections and solar radiation storms.
Space Weather Message Code: ALTK05
Serial Number: 1925
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 04 0855 UTC
ALERT: Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Synoptic Period: 0600-0900 UTC
Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.
Space Weather Message Code: ALTK05
Serial Number: 1924
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 04 0453 UTC
ALERT: Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Synoptic Period: 0300-0600 UTC
Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.
Space Weather Message Code: SUMXM5
Serial Number: 300
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 04 0308 UTC
SUMMARY: X-ray Event exceeded M5
Begin Time: 2025 Dec 04 0236 UTC
Maximum Time: 2025 Dec 04 0250 UTC
End Time: 2025 Dec 04 0259 UTC
X-ray Class: M6.0
Optical Class: na
Location: N07E50
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered primarily on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth.
Radio - Limited blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication for tens of minutes.
Space Weather Message Code: ALTTP2
Serial Number: 1450
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 04 0303 UTC
ALERT: Type II Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2025 Dec 04 0246 UTC
Estimated Velocity: 345 km/s
Description: Type II emissions occur in association with eruptions on the sun and typically indicate a coronal mass ejection is associated with a flare event.
Space Weather Message Code: ALTK05
Serial Number: 1923
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 04 0253 UTC
ALERT: Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Synoptic Period: 0000-0300 UTC
Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.
Space Weather Message Code: ALTXMF
Serial Number: 503
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 04 0250 UTC
ALERT: X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Threshold Reached: 2025 Dec 04 0248 UTC
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth. Extent of blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication dependent upon current X-ray Flux intensity. For real-time information on affected area and expected duration please see http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/d-region-absorption-predictions-d-rap.
Space Weather Message Code: WARK05
Serial Number: 2146
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 03 2356 UTC
EXTENDED WARNING: Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 2145
Valid From: 2025 Dec 03 1425 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Dec 04 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.
Space Weather Message Code: WARK04
Serial Number: 5172
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 03 2355 UTC
EXTENDED WARNING: Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 5171
Valid From: 2025 Dec 03 1022 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2025 Dec 04 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.
Space Weather Message Code: ALTK05
Serial Number: 1922
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 03 2238 UTC
ALERT: Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC
Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.
Space Weather Message Code: ALTK07
Serial Number: 200
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 03 2048 UTC
ALERT: Geomagnetic K-index of 7
Synoptic Period: 1800-2100 UTC
Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G3 - Strong
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 50 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power system voltage irregularities possible, false alarms may be triggered on some protection devices.
Spacecraft - Systems may experience surface charging; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites and orientation problems may occur.
Navigation - Intermittent satellite navigation (GPS) problems, including loss-of-lock and increased range error may occur.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio may be intermittent.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as Pennsylvania to Iowa to Oregon.
Space Weather Message Code: WARK07
Serial Number: 139
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 03 2027 UTC
WARNING: Geomagnetic K-index of 7 or greater expected
Valid From: 2025 Dec 03 2025 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Dec 03 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G3 or greater
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 50 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power system voltage irregularities possible, false alarms may be triggered on some protection devices.
Spacecraft - Systems may experience surface charging; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites and orientation problems may occur.
Navigation - Intermittent satellite navigation (GPS) problems, including loss-of-lock and increased range error may occur.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio may be intermittent.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as Pennsylvania to Iowa to Oregon.
Space Weather Message Code: ALTK06
Serial Number: 677
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 03 1958 UTC
ALERT: Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Synoptic Period: 1800-2100 UTC
Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.
Space Weather Message Code: WARK06
Serial Number: 627
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 03 1953 UTC
WARNING: Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Valid From: 2025 Dec 03 1952 UTC
Valid To: 2025 Dec 03 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.
Space Weather Message Code: ALTK05
Serial Number: 1921
Issue Time: 2025 Dec 03 1941 UTC
ALERT: Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Synoptic Period: 1800-2100 UTC
Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor
www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation
Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.
Solar-terrestrial indices for 03 December follow.
Solar flux 209 and estimated planetary A-index 33.
The estimated planetary K-index at 1500 UTC on 04 December was 4.00.
Space weather for the past 24 hours has been moderate.
Geomagnetic storms reaching the G1 level occurred.
Radio blackouts reaching the R2 level occurred.
Space weather for the next 24 hours is predicted to be moderate.
Geomagnetic storms reaching the G1 level are expected.
Radio blackouts reaching the R2 level are expected.
Geo Magnetic Forecast:
NOAA Ap Index Forecast
Observed Ap 02 Dec 009
Estimated Ap 03 Dec 025
Predicted Ap 04 Dec-06 Dec 035-025-012
NOAA Geomagnetic Activity Probabilities 04 Dec-06 Dec
Active 15/35/35
Minor storm 25/30/20
Moderate storm 35/15/05
Strong-Extreme storm 25/05/01
NOAA Kp index forecast 04 Dec - 06 Dec
Dec 04 Dec 05 Dec 06
00-03UT 4.67 4.33 3.67
03-06UT 4.67 4.33 2.00
06-09UT 5.67 4.33 2.00
09-12UT 4.33 4.00 2.67
12-15UT 3.67 3.67 2.67
15-18UT 3.67 3.33 2.67
18-21UT 4.00 3.00 2.67
21-00UT 4.33 3.33 3.00
Extended Three Day Forecast:
A. NOAA Geomagnetic Activity Observation and Forecast
The greatest observed 3 hr Kp over the past 24 hours was 7 (NOAA Scale
G3).
The greatest expected 3 hr Kp for Dec 04-Dec 06 2025 is 5.67 (NOAA Scale
G2).
NOAA Kp index breakdown Dec 04-Dec 06 2025
Dec 04 Dec 05 Dec 06
00-03UT 5.00 (G1) 4.33 3.67
03-06UT 5.00 (G1) 4.33 2.00
06-09UT 4.67 (G1) 4.33 2.00
09-12UT 4.00 4.00 2.67
12-15UT 3.67 3.67 2.67
15-18UT 3.67 3.33 2.67
18-21UT 4.00 3.00 2.67
21-00UT 5.67 (G2) 3.33 3.00
Rationale: G1-G2 (Minor-Moderate) geomagnetic storms are likely on the
remaining 04 Dec due to persistent negative CH/HSS conditions.
B. NOAA Solar Radiation Activity Observation and Forecast
Solar radiation, as observed by NOAA GOES-18 over the past 24 hours, was
below S-scale storm level thresholds.
Solar Radiation Storm Forecast for Dec 04-Dec 06 2025
Dec 04 Dec 05 Dec 06
S1 or greater 15% 15% 15%
Rationale: No S1 (Minor) or greater solar radiation storms are expected.
No significant active region activity favorable for radiation storm
production is forecast.
C. NOAA Radio Blackout Activity and Forecast
Radio blackouts reaching the R2 levels were observed over the past 24
hours. The largest was at Dec 04 2025 0250 UTC.
Radio Blackout Forecast for Dec 04-Dec 06 2025
Dec 04 Dec 05 Dec 06
R1-R2 75% 75% 75%
R3 or greater 30% 30% 30%
Rationale: Isolated to occasional R1-R2 (Minor-Moderate) radio blackouts
are expected (75%) through 06 Dec, with a chance (30%) for a R3 (Strong)
event, given the flare potential of the current active regions on the
visible solar disk.
Extended Space Weather Discussion:
Solar Activity
.24 hr Summary...
Solar activity reached high levels with an isolated M6.0/1F flare that
peaked at 04/0250 UTC and originated at Region 4300 (N07E46,
Csi/beta-gamma). This flare was associated with an eruption observed in
GOES/SUVI 284A imagery and, later, in the available coronagraph data. A
preliminary model run indicates that this CME propagation path is not
Earth-directed. A type-II radio sweep was observed around this M6.0
flare peak time by two USAF/RSTN stations, with estimated speeds of 345
and 484 km/s. Multiple radio bursts and radio noise storms were observed
during the period, including a Type-IV radio sweep at 04/0832 UTC.
Other seven active regions remained in the visible solar disk,
contributing with the measured C-level background activity. It is worth
highlighting the growth of the Region 4301 (S07W51, Dai/beta-gamma) and
Region 4296 (S14E30, Ekc/beta-gamma-delta), which was responsible for
the second largest flare of the period: a C9.2 peaked at 04/0016 UTC.
Despite the eruption described above and the earlier filament eruption
first observed at the southwest quadrant at 03/1106 UTC (both not
expected to impact Earth), no other CMEs were observed in the available
coronagraph imagery.
.Forecast...
Isolated to occasional M-class flares are expected (75%) through 06 Dec,
with a chance for X-class flares (30%), given past flare history and the
potential of current active regions on the disk.
Energetic Particle
.24 hr Summary...
The greater than 2 MeV electron flux in geosynchronous orbit returned to
moderate levels abruptly around 03/1845 UTC and remained below
threshold, after reaching high levels (with a peak flux of 6,340
particle flux units reached near 03/1350 UTC).
The greater than 10 MeV proton flux in geosynchronous orbit remained at
background levels.
.Forecast...
The greater than 2 MeV electron flux is expected to remain at moderate
levels 04-05 Dec, returning to high levels on 06 Dec due to the
anticipated IMF sector crossing as Earth leaves the ongoing -CH/HSS
influences.
A slight change (15%) for a greater than 10 MeV proton flux enhancement
above 10 pfu is considered through 06 Dec due to the flare potential of
the eight active regions currently visible at the solar disk.
Solar Wind
.24 hr Summary...
Solar wind parameters responded to the anticipated arrival of both
negative CH/HSS and embedded CME (associated with the X1.9 flare on 01
Dec) during the period. Phi angle became predominantly negative after
about 03/1915 UTC, indicating an IMF sector with field lines pointing
toward the Sun (due to the influence of a negative CH/HSS). The solar
wind density increased about 3 times the nominal levels after that,
reaching a maximum value around 03/1945 UTC. Around that time, the solar
wind speed was below 500 km/s, the total IMF was near its maximum of 20
nT, with Bz component reaching its most negative level of -15 nT. These
suggested an additional influence of the CME passage near Earth. After
that, the solar wind speed increased to about 700 km/s, while the
density and total magnetic field decreased to levels compatible with a
HSS regime.
.Forecast...
The solar wind environment is anticipated to remain disturbed by the
negative CH/HSS influences through 06 Dec, returning to nominal levels
on 07 Dec.
Geospace
.24 hr Summary...
Geomagnetic activity was predominantly at minor storming (Kp=5) levels
during the past 24h, with a two active (Kp=4) synoptic periods
(03/1500-1800 UTC and 04/0900-1200 UTC) and a single major storming
(Kp=7) period at 03/1800-2100. The major storming period was likely the
result of the combined influence of the negative CH/HSS arrival and the
CME that left the Sun on 01 Dec.
.Forecast...
The geomagnetic field will likely to remain at storming levels until the
end of 04 Dec, returning to active conditions on 05-06 Dec and reaching
unsettled levels on 07 Dec, as the influence of the CH/HSS wanes.
27 Day Forecast:
Date | Radio Flux | Planetary A Index | Largest Kp Index
2025 Dec 01 190 8 3
2025 Dec 02 190 5 2
2025 Dec 03 190 15 4
2025 Dec 04 190 25 5
2025 Dec 05 190 30 5
2025 Dec 06 190 12 4
2025 Dec 07 190 10 3
2025 Dec 08 190 8 3
2025 Dec 09 190 5 2
2025 Dec 10 185 5 2
2025 Dec 11 180 5 2
2025 Dec 12 180 8 3
2025 Dec 13 175 18 5
2025 Dec 14 175 12 4
2025 Dec 15 180 8 3
2025 Dec 16 180 5 2
2025 Dec 17 180 8 3
2025 Dec 18 180 10 3
2025 Dec 19 180 8 3
2025 Dec 20 175 8 3
2025 Dec 21 175 15 4
2025 Dec 22 175 20 5
2025 Dec 23 180 20 5
2025 Dec 24 190 25 5
2025 Dec 25 195 20 5
2025 Dec 26 195 20 5
2025 Dec 27 195 15 4
v4.16b
v4.X Release 17th Dec 2020)
Fixed New GOES and HPI inputs from noaa for Json (17/12/20).
Addded the ability to add 2 custom Magnetometers in settings (comming soon) (18/10/19).
Improved Hobart Magnetometer code. (18/18/19)
Move all presets into their own pop out side menu. (19/06/19)
Added Composite weather maps (TAS, VIC and SA), thanks to Oz forecast! (19/06/19)
UI Upgrades, Name, Logo and Website Site Changes.
Added custom line widths for most items.
Added GOES Difference (#1 - #2)
Added Ovation-prime model outputs.
v3.8x
Various Updates, New AF Index Algo. (8/12/18)
v3.6x
Added more Presets. Disabled Presets overwriting graph views (6/7/18)
Added GeoSpace Kp Model Prediction. (3/7/18)
Added SWPC Kp Forecast + Observation. (2/7/18)
Removed WingKP and USKp. :( No longer Avaliable. (2/7/18)
Removed feed from www.dunedinaurora.nz (Unreliable). (2/7/18)
Updates to latest JQuery, JQuery Mobile and AmCharts etc. (2/7/18)
Enhanced Pro setting with Dynamic Preasure. (2/7/18)
Added Quickselect preset buttons to main page. (2/7/18)
v3.5x
Added Ruru Observatory Magnetometer. (25/4/28)
Added Forecast Sub Tabset. (1/3/18)
Added Extended Discussion Text, 27Day FC (1/3/18)
Removed Dial, and Added Forecast Report. (28/2/18)
Updated A few settings for better visilation. (28/2/18)
Updated Goes-13 is Now Goes-14 (15/2/18)
Improved Commmunity Activity for faster loads.
Consolidated Proton Density / Dynamic Preasure.
Added Additional Balloon Text.
Added TAFS Visual Probability in %.
User Interface Upgrades.
Add 'Dial' for the basics, with default support.
Added one click presets.
v2.1 - v2.49
Added 'Automatic Chart Update' option in settings.
Database caching enabled, significant load time improvements.
Extension to max 96 hours of data, up from 24.
Added ACE Bt,Bx and By for comparison.
Added More User Presets.
Fixed Orentation Change Alert.
Small layout changes.
Added Header Image.
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Fixed MAG value issues in graph.
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v2.0
Fixed DSCOVR B? display bug.
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Upgrade to json feeds.
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DB Optimisation, improved DB search times.
Charts are now zoomable, allow selection and export.
Added USAF Kp, Updated Wing Kp.
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Added Macquarie Island MAG feed.
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Added MAG feed from www.dunedinaurora.nz (Portobello).
Added Brendan's experemental MAG feed (Hobart).
Fixed cookie bug, One Alert is enough for landscape mode.
> v1.0 (Started 20/10/2014)
Mawson and Macquarie Island data is copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia), and redistributed under Creative Commons v4.
Thanks to INTERMAGNET for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice in providing access to these feeds. (www.intermagnet.org).
Local Australian weather composite maps provided by Oz Forecast